For outright power on a N/A engine. there really isn't any difference. The power is pretty much limited to the amount of airflow you can get past the butterfly. The old slide type carbies on bike engines are awesome for outright power as there is absolutely no obstruction.
The problem with carbies is that at best you only have 3 jets per cylinder which limits the tuneability of them, whereas EFI allows many many tuning points. The benefits being smoother response over the entire rev range and better control of emissions.
A question for all the carby knockers out there. With motorbikes, they don't have to comply with pollution laws (bar noise) and power and cost are the primary design objectives. Why don't we see EFI fitted to more motorbike engines? These things are making 150hp from a N/A 1200, and thats a standard engine.
Oh and norbie, you are forgetting all the other parts that are required to get an efi system working.