It sounds like your crankpulley is loose. There's a woodruff key the fits in a keyway in the crank and lines up with a groove/slot carved in the pully. It gets loose, rattles pretty much as you described and gets worse and worse and louder the longer you leave it. Eventually it'll wear the keyway in the crank and slot in the crank pulley out. If it has a metal sleeve in there already it sounds like sone-one has tried to fix it previously.